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Compendium
🧩 Compendium Grammar PL

Polski — być and mieć

The two core Polish verbs, “to be” and “to have”. Learn them first — they appear in almost every sentence.

1

być — to be

być — present tense
Person Form
ja jestem
ty jesteś
on/ona/ono jest
my jesteśmy
wy jesteście
oni/one są
2

mieć — to have

mieć — present tense
Person Form
ja mam
ty masz
on/ona/ono ma
my mamy
wy macie
oni/one mają
✓ Rule

After “być”, a following noun takes the instrumental case: Jestem nauczycielem (I am a teacher). Subject pronouns (ja, ty…) are usually dropped — the verb ending already shows the person.

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