CARROTTA
carrotta.net
🧩 Compendium
Grammar
PL
Polski — być and mieć
The two core Polish verbs, “to be” and “to have”. Learn them first — they appear in almost every sentence.
1
być — to be
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| ja | jestem |
| ty | jesteś |
| on/ona/ono | jest |
| my | jesteśmy |
| wy | jesteście |
| oni/one | są |
2
mieć — to have
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| ja | mam |
| ty | masz |
| on/ona/ono | ma |
| my | mamy |
| wy | macie |
| oni/one | mają |
✓ Rule
After “być”, a following noun takes the instrumental case: Jestem nauczycielem (I am a teacher). Subject pronouns (ja, ty…) are usually dropped — the verb ending already shows the person.