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🕰️ Compendium Grammar IT

Italiano — Imperfect subjunctive

The congiuntivo imperfetto expresses a subjective or hypothetical action in the past. Regular verbs take -assi, -essi, -issi (parlassi, credessi, dormissi); the key irregulars are fossi, avessi, facessi. It appears in a subordinate clause when the main verb is in a past tense: Volevo che tu venissi.

1

How it works

✓ Rule

Drop the infinitive ending and add the theme vowel + -ssi, -ssi, -sse, -ssimo, -ste, -ssero. So parlare → che io parlassi, credere → che io credessi, dormire → che io dormissi. The stress and vowel of the infinitive are kept: amare → amassi, but temere → temessi.

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Examples

Imperfect subjunctive — io form
Infinitive che io … Meaning
parlare parlassi (that I) spoke / were speaking
credere credessi (that I) believed
dormire dormissi (that I) slept
essere fossi (that I) were
avere avessi (that I) had
fare facessi (that I) did / made
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Good to know

⚠ Note

The trigger sets the tense: a present main verb takes the present subjunctive (Voglio che tu venga), but a past one requires the imperfect (Volevo che tu venissi). It is also obligatory after se in unreal hypotheses: Se avessi tempo, verrei — not the common learner error Se avrei tempo.

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