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🔁 Compendium Grammar DE

Deutsch — Reciprocal pronoun

To express "each other", German uses the reflexive sich, the invariable einander, or a preposition fused with einander such as miteinander and voneinander.

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How it works

✓ Rule

With a plural subject, the reflexive pronoun sich can carry a reciprocal meaning: Sie lieben sich = "they love each other". The pronoun einander expresses the same idea unambiguously and never changes form: Sie lieben einander. When a verb governs a preposition, that preposition fuses with einander into one word: mit + einander → miteinander, von + einander → voneinander, für + einander → füreinander.

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Examples

Reciprocal forms and prepositional compounds
Example Meaning
Sie lieben sich. They love each other (reflexive sich, reciprocal reading).
Sie lieben einander. They love each other (einander, unambiguous).
Sie sprechen miteinander. They talk with each other (mit + einander).
Sie lernen voneinander. They learn from each other (von + einander).
Sie sorgen füreinander. They care for each other (für + einander).
Sie warten aufeinander. They wait for each other (auf + einander).
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Good to know

⚠ Note

The reflexive sich is ambiguous: Sie waschen sich can mean "they wash themselves" or "they wash each other". Use einander (or add gegenseitig) when only the reciprocal reading is meant: Sie waschen einander. Note that einander is invariable and does not fuse with articles, only with a governing preposition — so mit + einander → miteinander, but never a form like *sich mit einander in that fused sense.

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