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⏳ Compendium Grammar FR

Français — être en train de

French has no separate progressive tense, so to stress that an action is happening right now it uses the phrase être en train de + infinitive. Je mange means "I eat / I am eating", while Je suis en train de manger clearly means "I am (busy) eating right now".

1

How it works

✓ Rule

Conjugate être in the tense you need, add the fixed link en train de, then the verb in the infinitive: Je suis en train de lire, Nous sommes en train de dîner. In the past you set the scene with the imperfect of être: J'étais en train de travailler quand tu as appelé ("I was working when you called").

2

Examples

être en train de across persons and tenses
French Meaning
Je suis en train de manger. I am eating (right now).
Tu es en train de dormir. You are (in the middle of) sleeping.
Elle est en train de lire un roman. She is reading a novel.
Nous sommes en train de préparer le dîner. We are preparing dinner.
Ils sont en train de travailler. They are (busy) working.
J'étais en train de travailler quand tu as appelé. I was working when you called. (past background)
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Good to know

⚠ Note

être en train de is optional and only marks an action truly in progress — it is never a future. Don't say *Je suis en train de manger demain for "I'm eating tomorrow"; use the simple present or futur proche instead. Because de elides before a vowel, write en train d'écrire, en train d'attendre, not *de écrire.

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