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🎩 Compendium Grammar IT

Italiano — Formal address (dare del Lei)

To address someone politely, Italian uses Lei ("you", formal) with a third-person singular verb, exactly as if you were talking about "she". So you say Lei come sta? to a stranger, not come stai?

1

How it works

✓ Rule

The formal Lei triggers third-person singular throughout: the verb (Lei parla italiano?), the direct-object clitic La (La ringrazio = "I thank you"), the indirect clitic Le (Le scrivo domani = "I'll write to you tomorrow"), and the possessive Suo/Sua (il Suo nome = "your name"). The pronoun stays feminine even for a man.

2

Informal vs. formal

The same sentence with tu and with Lei
Use Informal (tu) Formal (Lei)
Verb (present) Come stai? Come sta?
Direct-object pronoun ti chiamo La chiamo
Indirect-object pronoun ti scrivo Le scrivo
"Thank you" ti ringrazio La ringrazio
Possessive il tuo nome il Suo nome
Reflexive verb Come ti chiami? Come si chiama?
3

Good to know

⚠ Note

In compound tenses the past participle after La agrees in feminine: La ho vista ieri says "I saw you yesterday" even to a man. Also, an adjective referring to the addressed person follows real gender, not the pronoun: Lei è stanco? to a man, Lei è stanca? to a woman.

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