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🔍 Compendium Grammar ES

Español — Indefinite pronouns and determiners

Spanish pairs an affirmative indefinite with a negative one: alguien/nadie (people), algo/nada (things), alguno/ninguno (quantity). Before a masculine singular noun the last two shorten to algún/ningún.

1

How it works

✓ Rule

Use the affirmative form to assert existence and the negative form to deny it: ¿Hay alguien? — No, no hay nadie. The forms alguno/ninguno agree in gender and number (alguna casa, ninguna razón), but drop the final -o before a masculine singular noun: algún día, ningún problema.

2

Forms and contrasts

Affirmative vs. negative indefinites
Affirmative Negative Refers to / use
alguien nadie people (invariable)
algo nada things (invariable)
alguno ninguno base form, masculine (as pronoun)
algún día ningún día apocope before masc. sing. noun
alguna casa ninguna casa feminine, agrees with the noun
Tengo algo. No tengo nada. double negation with the negative form
3

Good to know

⚠ Note

When a negative word follows the verb, Spanish keeps the no before the verb: No veo nada, No conozco a nadie. The double negative is required — dropping no ("veo nada") is wrong. But if the negative word comes first, no is omitted: Nadie vino, Nada importa.

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