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⏳ Compendium Grammar DE

Deutsch — Past Konjunktiv II

The past Konjunktiv II talks about unreal situations in the past — things that did not happen. It is used above all for regret and reproach: Ich hätte kommen können means "I could have come (but didn't)."

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How it works

✓ Rule

Build it with the Konjunktiv II of the auxiliary — hätte or wäre — plus the Partizip II: Ich hätte gewartet, Du wärst gekommen. With a modal, use hätte plus the double infinitive: Er hätte kommen können, Sie hätten es wissen müssen.

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Examples

Past Konjunktiv II: forms and meaning
Example Structure Meaning
Ich hätte länger gewartet. hätte + Partizip II I would have waited longer.
Du wärst früher gekommen. wäre + Partizip II You would have come earlier.
Er hätte kommen können. hätte + Modalverb (Doppelinfinitiv) He could have come.
Wir hätten dir geholfen. hätte + Partizip II We would have helped you.
Ihr wärt zu Hause geblieben. wäre + Partizip II You would have stayed at home.
Sie hätten es wissen müssen. hätte + Modalverb (Doppelinfinitiv) They should have known it.
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Good to know

⚠ Note

The choice between hätte and wäre follows the perfect tense: verbs of motion and change of state take wäre (Ich wäre gegangen), the rest take hätte (Ich hätte gemacht). With modals the participle is never used — you say Er hätte kommen können, never the wrong "gekonnt" form.

CARROTTA · Compendium Deutsch — Past Konjunktiv II carrotta.net Compendium
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