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Polski — Declension of cardinal numerals

Polish cardinal numerals are not invariable words — they decline for case, and from five upward they trigger a distinctive singular verb agreement.

1

How it works

✓ Rule

In the oblique cases the numeral itself is inflected: genitive and locative dwóch, pięciu; dative pięciu; instrumental dwoma or (feminine) dwiema and pięcioma — as in z dwoma kolegami, z dwiema siostrami, przed pięcioma laty.

2

Case forms

Case forms of dwa and pięć
Case dwa / dwie pięć
Nominative dwa / dwie pięć
Genitive dwóch (dwu) pięciu
Dative dwóm (dwom) pięciu
Instrumental dwoma / dwiema pięcioma
Locative dwóch (dwu) pięciu
3

Good to know

⚠ Note

From five upward, a subject with a numeral in the nominative takes a neuter singular verb: pięć osób przyszło, not *pięć osób przyszły. The same holds for pięciu mężczyzn przyszło. Two through four keep the plural: dwie osoby przyszły.

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