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🔢 Compendium Grammar PL

Polski — numeral + noun case

In Polish the numeral decides the case of the counted noun. After 2, 3, 4 it stays in the nominative plural (trzy koty), but from 5 upwards it switches to the genitive plural (pięć kotów). The word for “two” also changes with gender: dwa, dwie, dwoje.

1

How it works

✓ Rule

After the numerals 2, 3, 4 the counted noun stays in the nominative plural: dwa koty, trzy koty, cztery koty. From 5 upwards, and after quantity words such as dużo or kilka, the noun takes the genitive plural: pięć kotów, dziesięć kotów, dużo kotów. The numeral “two” agrees in gender — dwa (masculine non-personal and neuter), dwie (feminine), dwoje (mixed groups and pairs): dwa stoły, dwie kobiety, dwoje dzieci.

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Overview

Case of the noun after a numeral
Numeral / quantifier Example Noun case / use
dwa, trzy, cztery trzy koty Nominative plural (2, 3, 4)
pięć, sześć … 20 pięć kotów Genitive plural (5 and up)
dużo, kilka, wiele dużo kotów Genitive plural (quantity words)
dwa dwa stoły “two” — masculine non-personal / neuter
dwie dwie kobiety “two” — feminine
dwoje dwoje dzieci “two” — mixed group; noun in genitive plural
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Good to know

⚠ Note

Mind the teens: 12, 13, 14 behave like 5 and up and take the genitive plural (dwanaście kotów), while compound numbers ending in 2, 3, 4 go back to the nominative plural (dwadzieścia dwa koty).

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