Español — Past participle
The past participle is formed by adding -ado to -ar verbs (hablado) and -ido to -er/-ir verbs (comido). It combines with haber for compound tenses and can also work as an adjective. A set of frequent verbs has irregular participles such as hecho and visto.
How it works
Regular participles end in -ado for -ar verbs (hablar → hablado) and in -ido for -er/-ir verbs (comer → comido, vivir → vivido). With the auxiliary haber the participle stays invariable: he hablado, has comido, han vivido.
Examples
| Infinitive | Past participle | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| hablar | hablado | spoken (regular -ar) |
| comer | comido | eaten (regular -er) |
| vivir | vivido | lived (regular -ir) |
| hacer | hecho | done, made |
| ver | visto | seen |
| decir | dicho | said |
| escribir | escrito | written |
| abrir | abierto | opened |
Good to know
Besides hecho, visto, dicho, escrito, puesto and abierto, memorize roto, vuelto, muerto, cubierto and resuelto. When the participle is used as an adjective it agrees in gender and number: la puerta abierta, los libros escritos — but after haber it never changes: hemos abierto la puerta.