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⚖️ Compendium Grammar PL

Polski — Comparative structures

To compare in Polish you have two options after a comparative: niż with the nominative (starszy niż brat) or od with the genitive (starszy od brata). Equality is expressed with taki jak and tak samo… jak, and proportion with the im… tym pattern.

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How it works

✓ Rule

After a comparative, niż is followed by the same case as the first term (usually nominative): jestem starszy niż brat. Od instead takes the genitive with no change in meaning: jestem starszy od brata. For equal degree use tak samo + adjective/adverb + jak: jest tak samo wysoki jak ja. To say “the more…, the more…”, use im + comparative, tym + comparative: im więcej ćwiczysz, tym lepiej mówisz.

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Examples

Comparison patterns with example forms
Pattern Example Meaning
stopień wyższy + niż + mianownik starszy niż brat older than (my) brother
stopień wyższy + od + dopełniacz starszy od brata older than (my) brother (same sense)
więcej + niż / od więcej niż rok · więcej od nas more than a year · more than us
taki + jak taki jak ojciec the same kind as (his) father
tak samo + … + jak tak samo wysoki jak ja just as tall as me (equal degree)
im + … , tym + … im więcej, tym lepiej the more, the better (proportion)
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Good to know

⚠ Note

Don't mix the two frames: od is never followed by niż. Say starszy od brata or starszy niż brat, but not starszy od niż brata. Also keep the cases apart — od always forces the genitive (od nas, od ciebie), while niż leaves the noun in the case it would otherwise have (niż my, niż ty).

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