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Compendium
⏳ Compendium Grammar ES

Español — Present perfect

The pretérito perfecto compuesto is formed with the present of haber plus a past participle. It describes past actions felt as connected to the present: he comido, ¿has visto?

1

How it works

✓ Rule

Conjugate haber (he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han) and add the participle: -ar verbs → -ado, -er/-ir verbs → -ido. So hablar → he hablado, comer → has comido, vivir → ha vivido. The participle never changes for gender or number.

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Conjugation

haber + participle (hablar)
Person Form
yo he hablado
tú has hablado
él / ella / usted ha hablado
nosotros/as hemos hablado
vosotros/as habéis hablado
ellos/as / ustedes han hablado
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Good to know

⚠ Note

This tense pairs with markers of an unfinished or recent period: hoy, esta semana, ya, todavía no, alguna vez, nunca — as in ¿Has comido ya? or Nunca he estado en Perú. In much of Latin America the simple past (comí) is preferred where Spain uses he comido, so regional usage differs.

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