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🗺️ Compendium Grammar FR

Français — prepositions with countries and cities

To say where you are, where you are going, or where you are from, French chooses the preposition by the type of place: cities take à, and countries take en, au or aux depending on gender and number — as in à Paris, en France, au Japon, aux États-Unis.

1

How it works

✓ Rule

Use à before a city (à Paris, à Tokyo). For countries, use en before feminine countries and those starting with a vowel (en France, en Italie), au before masculine countries (au Japon, au Portugal), and aux before plural countries (aux États-Unis, aux Pays-Bas). Origin uses de/d' for cities and feminine or vowel countries (de Paris, de France, d'Italie), du for masculine countries (du Japon) and des for plural countries (des États-Unis).

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Examples

Destination/location vs. origin by type of place
Type of place In / to (à, en, au, aux) From (de, du, des)
City à Paris de Paris
Feminine country en France de France
Country starting with a vowel en Italie d'Italie
Masculine country au Japon du Japon
Plural country aux États-Unis des États-Unis
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Good to know

⚠ Note

Most countries ending in -e are feminine (la France, l'Italie), but le Mexique, le Cambodge, le Mozambique and le Zimbabwe are exceptions and take au / du. Watch the vowel rule too: a masculine country beginning with a vowel still takes en, not au — so en Iran, en Irak, not au Iran.

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