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🧠 Compendium Grammar IT

Italiano — sapere vs conoscere

Italian has two verbs for English "to know". Use sapere for facts and skills, and conoscere for being acquainted with people, places, and things.

1

How it works

✓ Rule

Use sapere for information you can state, and sapere + infinitive to mean "know how to": So la risposta; Sai nuotare? Use conoscere with a direct object — a person, place, or work — to mean "be acquainted with": Conosco Maria; Conosci Roma?

2

Examples

Which verb, and why
Example Use
So che è tardi. sapere — a fact you can state
Sai dov'è la stazione? sapere — knowing a piece of information
Sai parlare italiano. sapere + infinitive — a skill ("know how to")
Non so cucinare. sapere + infinitive — negated skill
Conosco Marco. conoscere — acquainted with a person
Conosci Firenze? conoscere — familiar with a place
Conosco bene questo libro. conoscere — familiar with a work/thing
3

Good to know

⚠ Note

Never put an infinitive after conoscere: say So nuotare, not "Conosco nuotare". In the passato prossimo the two verbs shift meaning: ho saputo la notizia = "I found out the news", and ho conosciuto Maria = "I met Maria (for the first time)".

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