dovere — Carrotta

Indicativo

Presente

Present

io devo

I must / I have to

Devo andare a lavoro presto.

I have to go to work early.

tu devi

you must / you have to

Devi finire i compiti prima di uscire.

You must finish your homework before going out.

lui/lei deve

he/she must / has to

Il treno deve arrivare alle nove.

The train is due to arrive at nine.

noi dobbiamo

we must / we have to

Dobbiamo prenotare i biglietti oggi.

We have to book the tickets today.

voi dovete

you (pl.) must / have to

Dovete rispettare le regole.

You must respect the rules.

loro devono

they must / have to

Gli studenti devono consegnare il compito.

The students have to hand in the assignment.

Imperfetto

Imperfect

io dovevo

I had to / I used to have to

Da bambino dovevo andare a letto presto.

As a child I had to go to bed early.

tu dovevi

you had to / used to have to

Dovevi avvisarmi che eri in ritardo.

You should have warned me you were late.

lui/lei doveva

he/she had to / used to have to

Doveva partire, ma cambiò idea.

He was supposed to leave, but changed his mind.

noi dovevamo

we had to / used to have to

Dovevamo incontrarci alle cinque.

We were supposed to meet at five.

voi dovevate

you (pl.) had to / used to have to

Dovevate studiare di più per l'esame.

You had to study more for the exam.

loro dovevano

they had to / used to have to

Dovevano consegnare il progetto lunedì.

They were supposed to deliver the project on Monday.

Passato remoto

Past Historic

io dovei (dovetti)

I had to

Dovetti rinunciare al viaggio.

I had to give up the trip.

tu dovesti

you had to

Dovesti affrontare la situazione da solo.

You had to face the situation alone.

lui/lei dové (dovette)

he/she had to

Dovette lasciare la città per lavoro.

He had to leave the city for work.

noi dovemmo

we had to

Dovemmo aspettare ore sotto la pioggia.

We had to wait for hours in the rain.

voi doveste

you (pl.) had to

Doveste cambiare tutti i piani.

You had to change all the plans.

loro doverono (dovettero)

they had to

Dovettero vendere la casa.

They had to sell the house.

Passato prossimo

Present Perfect

io ho dovuto

I have had to / I had to

Ho dovuto rimandare l'appuntamento.

I had to postpone the appointment.

tu hai dovuto

you have had to / had to

Hai dovuto aspettare molto?

Did you have to wait long?

lui/lei ha dovuto

he/she has had to / had to

Ha dovuto pagare una multa.

He had to pay a fine.

noi abbiamo dovuto

we have had to / had to

Abbiamo dovuto cambiare albergo.

We had to change hotels.

voi avete dovuto

you (pl.) have had to / had to

Avete dovuto rinunciare alle vacanze?

Did you have to give up your holidays?

loro hanno dovuto

they have had to / had to

Hanno dovuto chiudere il negozio.

They had to close the shop.

Trapassato prossimo

Pluperfect

io avevo dovuto

I had had to

Avevo dovuto lasciare gli studi per lavorare.

I had had to leave my studies to work.

tu avevi dovuto

you had had to

Avevi dovuto affrontare tutto da solo.

You had had to face everything alone.

lui/lei aveva dovuto

he/she had had to

Aveva dovuto trasferirsi all'estero.

He had had to move abroad.

noi avevamo dovuto

we had had to

Avevamo dovuto rimandare la partenza.

We had had to postpone the departure.

voi avevate dovuto

you (pl.) had had to

Avevate dovuto ricominciare da capo.

You had had to start over.

loro avevano dovuto

they had had to

Avevano dovuto rinunciare al sogno.

They had had to give up the dream.

Futuro semplice

Future

io dovrò

I will have to

Domani dovrò alzarmi molto presto.

Tomorrow I will have to get up very early.

tu dovrai

you will have to

Dovrai decidere entro venerdì.

You will have to decide by Friday.

lui/lei dovrà

he/she will have to

Dovrà ripetere l'esame.

He will have to retake the exam.

noi dovremo

we will have to

Dovremo trovare una soluzione insieme.

We will have to find a solution together.

voi dovrete

you (pl.) will have to

Dovrete presentare i documenti domani.

You will have to submit the documents tomorrow.

loro dovranno

they will have to

Dovranno lavorare tutto il weekend.

They will have to work all weekend.

Futuro anteriore

Future Perfect

io avrò dovuto

I will have had to

Alla fine avrò dovuto rifare tutto.

In the end I will have had to redo everything.

tu avrai dovuto

you will have had to

Avrai dovuto faticare parecchio.

You will have had to work quite hard.

lui/lei avrà dovuto

he/she will have had to

Avrà dovuto cambiare treno a Milano.

He will have had to change trains in Milan.

noi avremo dovuto

we will have had to

Entro sera avremo dovuto decidere.

By evening we will have had to decide.

voi avrete dovuto

you (pl.) will have had to

Avrete dovuto aspettare a lungo.

You will have had to wait a long time.

loro avranno dovuto

they will have had to

Avranno dovuto rimandare per il maltempo.

They will have had to postpone because of bad weather.

Condizionale

Condizionale presente

Present Conditional

io dovrei

I should / I would have to

Dovrei studiare di più.

I should study more.

tu dovresti

you should / you would have to

Dovresti riposarti un po'.

You should rest a bit.

lui/lei dovrebbe

he/she should / would have to

Il pacco dovrebbe arrivare oggi.

The package should arrive today.

noi dovremmo

we should / we would have to

Dovremmo partire prima del traffico.

We should leave before the traffic.

voi dovreste

you (pl.) should / would have to

Dovreste prenotare in anticipo.

You should book in advance.

loro dovrebbero

they should / would have to

Dovrebbero scusarsi con te.

They should apologise to you.

Condizionale passato

Past Conditional

io avrei dovuto

I should have / I would have had to

Avrei dovuto ascoltare tua madre.

I should have listened to your mother.

tu avresti dovuto

you should have / would have had to

Avresti dovuto avvisarmi prima.

You should have warned me sooner.

lui/lei avrebbe dovuto

he/she should have / would have had to

Avrebbe dovuto chiedere il permesso.

He should have asked for permission.

noi avremmo dovuto

we should have / would have had to

Avremmo dovuto prenotare prima.

We should have booked earlier.

voi avreste dovuto

you (pl.) should have / would have had to

Avreste dovuto dirci la verità.

You should have told us the truth.

loro avrebbero dovuto

they should have / would have had to

Avrebbero dovuto controllare i freni.

They should have checked the brakes.

Congiuntivo

Congiuntivo presente

Present Subjunctive

che io debba

that I must / have to

Pensa che io debba scusarmi.

He thinks I should apologise.

che tu debba

that you must / have to

Mi dispiace che tu debba partire così presto.

I'm sorry you have to leave so soon.

che lui/lei debba

that he/she must / has to

Non è giusto che debba pagare lui.

It's not fair that he has to pay.

che noi dobbiamo

that we must / have to

Sembra che dobbiamo aspettare ancora.

It seems we have to wait more.

che voi dobbiate

that you (pl.) must / have to

Mi spiace che dobbiate rifare il lavoro.

I'm sorry you have to redo the work.

che loro debbano

that they must / have to

È strano che debbano andarsene già.

It's strange that they have to leave already.

Congiuntivo imperfetto

Imperfect Subjunctive

che io dovessi

that I had to / should

Se dovessi scegliere, sceglierei il mare.

If I had to choose, I would choose the sea.

che tu dovessi

that you had to / should

Se dovessi partire, avvisami.

If you had to leave, let me know.

che lui/lei dovesse

that he/she had to / should

Pensavo che dovesse lavorare oggi.

I thought he had to work today.

che noi dovessimo

that we had to / should

Non sapevo che dovessimo pagare in anticipo.

I didn't know we had to pay in advance.

che voi doveste

that you (pl.) had to / should

Se doveste avere problemi, chiamateci.

If you should have problems, call us.

che loro dovessero

that they had to / should

Temeva che dovessero rinviare la partenza.

He feared they would have to postpone the departure.

Congiuntivo passato

Past Subjunctive

che io abbia dovuto

that I have had to

Le dispiace che io abbia dovuto rinunciare.

She is sorry I have had to give up.

che tu abbia dovuto

that you have had to

Mi dispiace che tu abbia dovuto aspettare.

I'm sorry you have had to wait.

che lui/lei abbia dovuto

that he/she has had to

Pare che abbia dovuto cambiare programma.

It seems he has had to change plans.

che noi abbiamo dovuto

that we have had to

È un peccato che abbiamo dovuto disdire.

It's a shame we have had to cancel.

che voi abbiate dovuto

that you (pl.) have had to

Spero non abbiate dovuto faticare troppo.

I hope you haven't had to work too hard.

che loro abbiano dovuto

that they have had to

Dubito che abbiano dovuto pagare tanto.

I doubt they have had to pay so much.

Congiuntivo trapassato

Pluperfect Subjunctive

che io avessi dovuto

that I had had to

Non sapevo che avessi dovuto pagare io.

I didn't know I had had to pay.

che tu avessi dovuto

that you had had to

Se tu avessi dovuto scegliere, cosa avresti fatto?

If you had had to choose, what would you have done?

che lui/lei avesse dovuto

that he/she had had to

Credeva che avesse dovuto partire prima.

He thought he had had to leave earlier.

che noi avessimo dovuto

that we had had to

Sembrava che avessimo dovuto rifare tutto.

It seemed we had had to redo everything.

che voi aveste dovuto

that you (pl.) had had to

Se aveste dovuto rinunciare, ci avreste avvisato.

If you had had to give up, you would have warned us.

che loro avessero dovuto

that they had had to

Non immaginavo che avessero dovuto vendere tutto.

I didn't imagine they had had to sell everything.

Imperativo

Imperativo presente

Imperative

tu devi!

you must! / have to!

Devi crederci fino in fondo!

You must believe in it all the way!

lui/lei (Lei) deve!

he/she must! (formal: you must!)

Deve firmare qui, per favore.

You must sign here, please.

noi dobbiamo!

we must! / let's have to!

Dobbiamo restare uniti, adesso!

We must stay united now!

voi dovete!

you (pl.) must! / have to!

Dovete rispettare gli orari!

You must respect the schedule!

loro devono!

they must! / have to!

Devono capire che è importante!

They must understand that it's important!

Infinito

Infinitive

presente dovere

to have to, to must, to owe

Odio dover aspettare in fila.

I hate having to wait in line.

passato aver dovuto

to have had to

Mi dispiace di aver dovuto rifiutare.

I'm sorry to have had to refuse.

Participio

Participle

presente dovente

having to (rare)

La parte dovente il pagamento firmi il modulo.

The party owing the payment should sign the form.

passato dovuto

had to / owed

Ha ricevuto il rispetto dovuto al suo ruolo.

He received the respect due to his role.

Gerundio

Gerund

presente dovendo

having to / being obliged to

Dovendo partire presto, sono andato a letto.

Having to leave early, I went to bed.

passato avendo dovuto

having had to

Avendo dovuto rinunciare, era deluso.

Having had to give up, he was disappointed.