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Verb Conjugations
Verb

estar

to be (state/condition/location)

'Estar' expresses temporary states, conditions, emotions, and locations, as opposed to 'ser', which expresses permanent or inherent qualities.

Ella está muy cansada hoy.

She is very tired today.

Indicativo

Presente

Present

yo estoy
I am

Estoy muy cansado hoy.

I am very tired today.

tú estás
you are

¿Dónde estás ahora?

Where are you now?

él/ella/usted está
he/she is / you are

El gato está en el jardín.

The cat is in the garden.

nosotros estamos
we are

Estamos listos para salir.

We are ready to leave.

vosotros estáis
you (pl.) are

¿Estáis contentos con el resultado?

Are you happy with the result?

ellos/ellas/ustedes están
they are / you (pl.) are

Los niños están en el colegio.

The children are at school.

Pretérito Imperfecto

Imperfect

yo estaba
I was / I used to be

Ayer estaba muy nervioso.

Yesterday I was very nervous.

tú estabas
you were / you used to be

¿Dónde estabas anoche?

Where were you last night?

él/ella/usted estaba
he/she was / you were

La tienda estaba cerrada.

The shop was closed.

nosotros estábamos
we were / we used to be

Estábamos esperando el autobús.

We were waiting for the bus.

vosotros estabais
you (pl.) were

Vosotros estabais en la playa.

You were at the beach.

ellos/ellas/ustedes estaban
they were / you (pl.) were

Las luces estaban apagadas.

The lights were off.

Pretérito Indefinido

Preterite

yo estuve
I was

Ayer estuve en el médico.

Yesterday I was at the doctor's.

tú estuviste
you were

Estuviste muy amable con ellos.

You were very kind to them.

él/ella/usted estuvo
he/she was / you were

Ella estuvo enferma toda la semana.

She was ill all week.

nosotros estuvimos
we were

Estuvimos de vacaciones en Italia.

We were on holiday in Italy.

vosotros estuvisteis
you (pl.) were

¿Cuánto tiempo estuvisteis fuera?

How long were you away?

ellos/ellas/ustedes estuvieron
they were / you (pl.) were

Los invitados estuvieron encantados.

The guests were delighted.

Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto

Present Perfect

yo he estado
I have been

Nunca he estado en Japón.

I have never been to Japan.

tú has estado
you have been

¿Dónde has estado todo el día?

Where have you been all day?

él/ella/usted ha estado
he/she has been / you have been

Él ha estado muy ocupado últimamente.

He has been very busy lately.

nosotros hemos estado
we have been

Hemos estado trabajando sin parar.

We have been working nonstop.

vosotros habéis estado
you (pl.) have been

¿Habéis estado alguna vez aquí?

Have you ever been here?

ellos/ellas/ustedes han estado
they have been / you (pl.) have been

Ellos han estado de viaje.

They have been traveling.

Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto

Pluperfect

yo había estado
I had been

Nunca antes había estado tan feliz.

I had never been so happy before.

tú habías estado
you had been

Tú ya habías estado allí antes.

You had already been there before.

él/ella/usted había estado
he/she had been / you had been

La casa había estado vacía muchos años.

The house had been empty for many years.

nosotros habíamos estado
we had been

Habíamos estado esperando horas.

We had been waiting for hours.

vosotros habíais estado
you (pl.) had been

Vosotros habíais estado enfermos esa semana.

You had been ill that week.

ellos/ellas/ustedes habían estado
they had been / you (pl.) had been

Los obreros habían estado allí desde temprano.

The workers had been there since early.

Futuro Simple

Future

yo estaré
I will be

Mañana estaré en la oficina.

Tomorrow I will be at the office.

tú estarás
you will be

Pronto estarás mejor.

You will be better soon.

él/ella/usted estará
he/she will be / you will be

El paquete estará listo el lunes.

The package will be ready on Monday.

nosotros estaremos
we will be

Estaremos en casa por la noche.

We will be at home in the evening.

vosotros estaréis
you (pl.) will be

¿Estaréis disponibles el sábado?

Will you be available on Saturday?

ellos/ellas/ustedes estarán
they will be / you (pl.) will be

Las tiendas estarán abiertas hasta tarde.

The shops will be open until late.

Futuro Compuesto

Future Perfect

yo habré estado
I will have been

Para las cinco, habré estado aquí tres horas.

By five, I will have been here for three hours.

tú habrás estado
you will have been

Cuando llegue, ya habrás estado en casa.

When I arrive, you will have already been home.

él/ella/usted habrá estado
he/she will have been / you will have been

Seguro que habrá estado enfermo.

He must have been ill.

nosotros habremos estado
we will have been

Para el verano, habremos estado un año aquí.

By summer, we will have been here for a year.

vosotros habréis estado
you (pl.) will have been

Para entonces ya habréis estado en la reunión.

By then you will have already been at the meeting.

ellos/ellas/ustedes habrán estado
they will have been / you (pl.) will have been

Cuando vuelvas, habrán estado esperándote.

When you return, they will have been waiting for you.

Condicional

Condicional Simple

Conditional

yo estaría
I would be

Yo estaría encantado de ayudar.

I would be delighted to help.

tú estarías
you would be

Sin abrigo, estarías congelado.

Without a coat, you would be freezing.

él/ella/usted estaría
he/she would be / you would be

El café estaría mejor caliente.

The coffee would be better hot.

nosotros estaríamos
we would be

Estaríamos mejor en la sombra.

We would be better in the shade.

vosotros estaríais
you (pl.) would be

Vosotros estaríais más cómodos aquí.

You would be more comfortable here.

ellos/ellas/ustedes estarían
they would be / you (pl.) would be

Ellos estarían felices de verte.

They would be happy to see you.

Condicional Compuesto

Conditional Perfect

yo habría estado
I would have been

Con más tiempo, habría estado listo.

With more time, I would have been ready.

tú habrías estado
you would have been

Habrías estado orgulloso de él.

You would have been proud of him.

él/ella/usted habría estado
he/she would have been / you would have been

La comida habría estado mejor con sal.

The food would have been better with salt.

nosotros habríamos estado
we would have been

Habríamos estado allí de no ser por la lluvia.

We would have been there if not for the rain.

vosotros habríais estado
you (pl.) would have been

Vosotros habríais estado a salvo dentro.

You would have been safe inside.

ellos/ellas/ustedes habrían estado
they would have been / you (pl.) would have been

Sin ayuda, habrían estado perdidos.

Without help, they would have been lost.

Subjuntivo

Presente de Subjuntivo

Present Subjunctive

yo esté
(that) I be / am

Espero que esté todo en orden.

I hope everything is in order.

tú estés
(that) you be / are

Quiero que estés tranquilo.

I want you to be calm.

él/ella/usted esté
(that) he/she be / is

Ojalá que él esté bien.

I hope he is well.

nosotros estemos
(that) we be / are

Es mejor que estemos juntos.

It's better that we are together.

vosotros estéis
(that) you (pl.) be / are

Espero que estéis cómodos.

I hope you are comfortable.

ellos/ellas/ustedes estén
(that) they be / are

Dudo que estén en casa ahora.

I doubt they are home now.

Pretérito Imperfecto de Subjuntivo

Imperfect Subjunctive

yo estuviera / estuviese
(that) I were / was

Si yo estuviera allí, te ayudaría.

If I were there, I would help you.

tú estuvieras / estuvieses
(that) you were / was

Ojalá estuvieras aquí conmigo.

I wish you were here with me.

él/ella/usted estuviera / estuviese
(that) he/she were / was

Sería bueno que él estuviera presente.

It would be good for him to be present.

nosotros estuviéramos / estuviésemos
(that) we were

Nos gustaría que estuviéramos más cerca.

We would like to be closer.

vosotros estuvierais / estuvieseis
(that) you (pl.) were

Quería que estuvierais preparados.

I wanted you to be prepared.

ellos/ellas/ustedes estuvieran / estuviesen
(that) they were

Si las llaves estuvieran aquí, las vería.

If the keys were here, I would see them.

Pretérito Perfecto de Subjuntivo

Present Perfect Subjunctive

yo haya estado
(that) I have been

Es raro que yo no haya estado allí.

It's strange that I haven't been there.

tú hayas estado
(that) you have been

Espero que hayas estado cómodo.

I hope you have been comfortable.

él/ella/usted haya estado
(that) he/she has been

Quizás él haya estado enfermo.

Maybe he has been ill.

nosotros hayamos estado
(that) we have been

Me alegra que hayamos estado juntos.

I'm glad we have been together.

vosotros hayáis estado
(that) you (pl.) have been

Espero que hayáis estado a gusto.

I hope you have been at ease.

ellos/ellas/ustedes hayan estado
(that) they have been

No creo que hayan estado en casa.

I don't think they have been home.

Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo

Pluperfect Subjunctive

yo hubiera estado / hubiese estado
(that) I had been

Si hubiera estado despierto, lo habría oído.

If I had been awake, I would have heard it.

tú hubieras estado / hubieses estado
(that) you had been

Ojalá hubieras estado en la fiesta.

I wish you had been at the party.

él/ella/usted hubiera estado / hubiese estado
(that) he/she had been

Habría sido mejor que él hubiera estado allí.

It would have been better if he had been there.

nosotros hubiéramos estado / hubiésemos estado
(that) we had been

Si hubiéramos estado atentos, no habríamos fallado.

If we had been attentive, we wouldn't have failed.

vosotros hubierais estado / hubieseis estado
(that) you (pl.) had been

Ojalá hubierais estado con nosotros.

I wish you had been with us.

ellos/ellas/ustedes hubieran estado / hubiesen estado
(that) they had been

Si hubieran estado avisados, habrían venido.

If they had been warned, they would have come.

Imperativo

Imperativo Afirmativo

Imperative

tú está
be!

¡Está atento a la carretera!

Be attentive to the road!

él/ella/usted esté
be! (formal)

Por favor, esté tranquilo.

Please, be calm.

nosotros estemos
let's be!

¡Estemos preparados para todo!

Let's be ready for anything!

vosotros estad
be! (pl.)

¡Estad quietos un momento!

Be still for a moment!

ellos/ellas/ustedes estén
be! (formal pl.)

Estén atentos a las instrucciones.

Be attentive to the instructions.

Imperativo Negativo

Negative Imperative

tú no estés
don't be!

¡No estés triste, todo irá bien!

Don't be sad, everything will be fine!

él/ella/usted no esté
don't be! (formal)

Por favor, no esté nervioso.

Please, don't be nervous.

nosotros no estemos
let's not be!

No estemos callados ante la injusticia.

Let's not be silent in the face of injustice.

vosotros no estéis
don't be! (pl.)

¡No estéis tan seguros!

Don't be so sure!

ellos/ellas/ustedes no estén
don't be! (formal pl.)

No estén preocupados, todo está bajo control.

Don't be worried, everything is under control.

Formas no personales

Infinitivo

Infinitive

— estar
to be

Estar en forma requiere disciplina.

Being in shape requires discipline.

Gerundio

Gerund

— estando
being

Estando cansado, decidió descansar.

Being tired, he decided to rest.

Participio

Past Participle

— estado
been

Ha estado lloviendo toda la mañana.

It has been raining all morning.

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