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Verb Conjugations
Verb

potere

to be able to / can

Auxiliary: avere (or essere when used reflexively/intransitively)

Potere is a modal verb. In compound tenses it takes 'avere' when followed by an infinitive with 'avere', and 'essere' when followed by an infinitive with 'essere'. In isolation it typically takes 'avere'.

Non posso venire alla festa stasera.

I can't come to the party tonight.

Indicativo

Presente

Present

io posso
I can

Posso aiutarti se vuoi.

I can help you if you want.

tu puoi
you can

Puoi chiudere la finestra, per favore?

Can you close the window, please?

lui/lei può
he/she can

Non può venire perché è malato.

He can't come because he is ill.

noi possiamo
we can

Possiamo partire quando vuoi.

We can leave whenever you want.

voi potete
you (pl.) can

Potete entrare, la porta è aperta.

You can come in, the door is open.

loro possono
they can

I bambini non possono uscire da soli.

The children can't go out alone.

Imperfetto

Imperfect

io potevo
I could / was able to

Da giovane potevo correre per ore.

When young I could run for hours.

tu potevi
you could / were able to

Potevi almeno avvisarmi.

You could have at least warned me.

lui/lei poteva
he/she could / was able to

Non poteva credere ai suoi occhi.

He couldn't believe his eyes.

noi potevamo
we could / were able to

Da lì potevamo vedere tutta la città.

From there we could see the whole city.

voi potevate
you (pl.) could / were able to

Potevate chiedere aiuto a noi.

You could have asked us for help.

loro potevano
they could / were able to

Non potevano uscire con quel temporale.

They couldn't go out in that storm.

Passato remoto

Past Historic

io potei
I could / was able to

Solo allora potei capire la verità.

Only then could I understand the truth.

tu potesti
you could / were able to

Non potesti fare altro che accettare.

You could do nothing but accept.

lui/lei poté
he/she could / was able to

Finalmente poté riposare.

At last he could rest.

noi potemmo
we could / were able to

Potemmo entrare solo dopo mezzanotte.

We could enter only after midnight.

voi poteste
you (pl.) could / were able to

Poteste vedere il mare dalla cima.

You could see the sea from the top.

loro poterono
they could / were able to

Non poterono fare nulla per salvarlo.

They could do nothing to save him.

Passato prossimo

Present Perfect

io ho potuto
I have been able to / I could

Non ho potuto dormire tutta la notte.

I couldn't sleep all night.

tu hai potuto
you have been able to / you could

Hai potuto finire il lavoro in tempo?

Were you able to finish the work on time?

lui/lei ha potuto
he/she has been able to / could

Finalmente ha potuto comprare la casa.

He was finally able to buy the house.

noi abbiamo potuto
we have been able to / we could

Abbiamo potuto visitare tutto il museo.

We were able to visit the whole museum.

voi avete potuto
you (pl.) have been able to / could

Avete potuto parlare con il direttore?

Were you able to speak with the director?

loro hanno potuto
they have been able to / could

Non hanno potuto partecipare alla riunione.

They couldn't take part in the meeting.

Trapassato prossimo

Pluperfect

io avevo potuto
I had been able to

Non avevo mai potuto viaggiare così tanto.

I had never been able to travel so much.

tu avevi potuto
you had been able to

Avevi potuto riposare prima del viaggio.

You had been able to rest before the trip.

lui/lei aveva potuto
he/she had been able to

Grazie a lei aveva potuto studiare.

Thanks to her he had been able to study.

noi avevamo potuto
we had been able to

Avevamo potuto risparmiare abbastanza.

We had been able to save enough.

voi avevate potuto
you (pl.) had been able to

Avevate potuto vedere lo spettacolo?

Had you been able to see the show?

loro avevano potuto
they had been able to

Non avevano potuto avvisare in tempo.

They hadn't been able to warn in time.

Futuro semplice

Future

io potrò
I will be able to

Domani potrò finalmente rilassarmi.

Tomorrow I will finally be able to relax.

tu potrai
you will be able to

Potrai contare sempre su di me.

You will always be able to count on me.

lui/lei potrà
he/she will be able to

Con la borsa di studio potrà andare all'estero.

With the scholarship he will be able to go abroad.

noi potremo
we will be able to

Potremo rivederci l'estate prossima.

We will be able to see each other again next summer.

voi potrete
you (pl.) will be able to

Potrete usare la piscina dell'hotel.

You will be able to use the hotel pool.

loro potranno
they will be able to

I soci potranno votare online.

The members will be able to vote online.

Futuro anteriore

Future Perfect

io avrò potuto
I will have been able to

Spero che per allora avrò potuto riposare un po'.

I hope that by then I will have been able to rest a bit.

tu avrai potuto
you will have been able to

Avrai potuto studiare durante il viaggio.

You will have been able to study during the trip.

lui/lei avrà potuto
he/she will have been able to

Non sono sicuro che avrà potuto avvisarli.

I'm not sure he will have been able to warn them.

noi avremo potuto
we will have been able to

Entro domani avremo potuto controllare tutto.

By tomorrow we will have been able to check everything.

voi avrete potuto
you (pl.) will have been able to

Avrete potuto vedere il tramonto dalla vetta.

You will have been able to see the sunset from the peak.

loro avranno potuto
they will have been able to

Non avranno potuto arrivare con questa neve.

They won't have been able to arrive in this snow.

Condizionale

Condizionale presente

Present Conditional

io potrei
I could / would be able to

Potrei venire domani, se ti va.

I could come tomorrow, if you like.

tu potresti
you could / would be able to

Potresti passarmi il sale?

Could you pass me the salt?

lui/lei potrebbe
he/she could / would be able to

Potrebbe piovere nel pomeriggio.

It could rain in the afternoon.

noi potremmo
we could / would be able to

Potremmo andare al cinema stasera.

We could go to the cinema tonight.

voi potreste
you (pl.) could / would be able to

Potreste abbassare la musica?

Could you turn down the music?

loro potrebbero
they could / would be able to

Potrebbero arrivare da un momento all'altro.

They could arrive any moment.

Condizionale passato

Past Conditional

io avrei potuto
I could have / would have been able to

Avrei potuto vincere, ma ho sbagliato alla fine.

I could have won, but I made a mistake at the end.

tu avresti potuto
you could have / would have been able to

Avresti potuto dirmelo prima!

You could have told me sooner!

lui/lei avrebbe potuto
he/she could have / would have been able to

Avrebbe potuto essere un grande campione.

He could have been a great champion.

noi avremmo potuto
we could have / would have been able to

Avremmo potuto evitare l'incidente.

We could have avoided the accident.

voi avreste potuto
you (pl.) could have / would have been able to

Avreste potuto avvisarci del ritardo.

You could have warned us about the delay.

loro avrebbero potuto
they could have / would have been able to

Avrebbero potuto fare di più.

They could have done more.

Congiuntivo

Congiuntivo presente

Present Subjunctive

che io possa
that I can / may be able to

Vuole che io possa decidere da solo.

He wants me to be able to decide on my own.

che tu possa
that you can / may be able to

Spero che tu possa venire alla festa.

I hope you can come to the party.

che lui/lei possa
that he/she can / may be able to

Non credo che possa farcela da solo.

I don't think he can manage on his own.

che noi possiamo
that we can / may be able to

È importante che possiamo fidarci di te.

It's important that we can trust you.

che voi possiate
that you (pl.) can / may be able to

Mi auguro che possiate riposare un po'.

I hope you can rest a little.

che loro possano
that they can / may be able to

Facciamo in modo che possano partecipare tutti.

Let's make it so that everyone can take part.

Congiuntivo imperfetto

Imperfect Subjunctive

che io potessi
that I could / might be able to

Se potessi, ti aiuterei subito.

If I could, I would help you right away.

che tu potessi
that you could / might be able to

Vorrei che tu potessi vedere questo panorama.

I wish you could see this view.

che lui/lei potesse
that he/she could / might be able to

Sembrava che non potesse muoversi.

It seemed he couldn't move.

che noi potessimo
that we could / might be able to

Se potessimo, resteremmo ancora un giorno.

If we could, we would stay another day.

che voi poteste
that you (pl.) could / might be able to

Vorrei che poteste restare a cena.

I wish you could stay for dinner.

che loro potessero
that they could / might be able to

Non pensavo che potessero rifiutare.

I didn't think they could refuse.

Congiuntivo passato

Present Perfect Subjunctive

che io abbia potuto
that I have been able to

È strano che io non abbia potuto contattarlo.

It's strange that I haven't been able to reach him.

che tu abbia potuto
that you have been able to

Sono felice che tu abbia potuto venire.

I'm glad you were able to come.

che lui/lei abbia potuto
that he/she has been able to

Non credo che abbia potuto finire in tempo.

I don't think he was able to finish in time.

che noi abbiamo potuto
that we have been able to

Per fortuna che abbiamo potuto prenotare.

Luckily we were able to book.

che voi abbiate potuto
that you (pl.) have been able to

Spero che abbiate potuto risolvere il problema.

I hope you were able to solve the problem.

che loro abbiano potuto
that they have been able to

Dubito che abbiano potuto avvisare tutti.

I doubt they were able to warn everyone.

Congiuntivo trapassato

Pluperfect Subjunctive

che io avessi potuto
that I had been able to

Se avessi potuto, sarei rimasto di più.

If I had been able to, I would have stayed longer.

che tu avessi potuto
that you had been able to

Vorrei che tu avessi potuto vederlo.

I wish you had been able to see it.

che lui/lei avesse potuto
that he/she had been able to

Se avesse potuto, avrebbe cambiato tutto.

If he had been able to, he would have changed everything.

che noi avessimo potuto
that we had been able to

Pensava che avessimo potuto avvisarlo.

He thought we had been able to warn him.

che voi aveste potuto
that you (pl.) had been able to

Se aveste potuto, ci avreste aiutato.

If you had been able to, you would have helped us.

che loro avessero potuto
that they had been able to

Non sapevo che non avessero potuto partire.

I didn't know they hadn't been able to leave.

Imperativo

Imperativo presente

Imperative

tu puoi!
can! / be able to!

Vai pure avanti, puoi farcela!

Go ahead, you can do it!

lui/lei (formale) possa!
let him/her be able to!

Che possa avere tutta la fortuna del mondo!

May you have all the luck in the world!

noi possiamo!
let us be able to!

Possiamo riuscirci, se restiamo uniti!

We can make it, if we stay united!

voi potete!
be able to! (pl.)

Non arrendetevi, potete vincere!

Don't give up, you can win!

loro possano!
let them be able to!

Che possano trovare presto la strada!

May they find their way soon!

Infinito

Infinito

Infinitive

presente potere
to be able to / can

Vorrei poter dormire di più.

I would like to be able to sleep more.

passato aver potuto
to have been able to

Sono grato di aver potuto conoscerti.

I'm grateful to have been able to meet you.

Participio

Participio

Participle

presente potente
being able to / powerful

Il nuovo motore è molto potente.

The new engine is very powerful.

passato potuto
been able to

Avrebbe voluto restare, ma non ha potuto.

He would have liked to stay, but he couldn't.

Gerundio

Gerundio

Gerund

presente potendo
being able to

Potendo scegliere, preferirei il mare.

Being able to choose, I would prefer the sea.

passato avendo potuto
having been able to

Avendo potuto riposare, si sentì meglio.

Having been able to rest, he felt better.

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