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Verb Conjugations
Verb

sapere

to know

Auxiliary: avere

Sapere means 'to know (a fact/information)' or 'to know how to do something'; it is irregular in several tenses.

Sai dove abita Maria?

Do you know where Maria lives?

Indicativo

Presente

Present

io so
I know

So parlare tre lingue.

I know how to speak three languages.

tu sai
you know

Sai dov'è la stazione?

Do you know where the station is?

lui/lei sa
he/she knows

Mia figlia sa già leggere.

My daughter already knows how to read.

noi sappiamo
we know

Non sappiamo cosa fare.

We don't know what to do.

voi sapete
you (pl.) know

Sapete a che ora apre il museo?

Do you know what time the museum opens?

loro sanno
they know

Tutti sanno la verità ormai.

Everyone knows the truth by now.

Imperfetto

Imperfect

io sapevo
I knew / I used to know

Non sapevo che fossi in città.

I didn't know you were in town.

tu sapevi
you knew / you used to know

Sapevi la risposta a memoria.

You knew the answer by heart.

lui/lei sapeva
he/she knew / used to know

Sapeva sempre come farci ridere.

He always knew how to make us laugh.

noi sapevamo
we knew / we used to know

Sapevamo che sarebbe finita così.

We knew it would end like this.

voi sapevate
you (pl.) knew / used to know

Sapevate della festa a sorpresa?

Did you know about the surprise party?

loro sapevano
they knew / used to know

Sapevano tutto fin dall'inizio.

They knew everything from the start.

Passato remoto

Past Historic

io seppi
I knew / I found out

Seppi la notizia solo il giorno dopo.

I found out the news only the next day.

tu sapesti
you knew / you found out

Sapesti mantenere il segreto.

You knew how to keep the secret.

lui/lei seppe
he/she knew / found out

Seppe affrontare la crisi con calma.

He knew how to face the crisis calmly.

noi sapemmo
we knew / we found out

Sapemmo della sua partenza per caso.

We found out about his departure by chance.

voi sapeste
you (pl.) knew / found out

Sapeste tenere testa a tutti.

You knew how to stand up to everyone.

loro seppero
they knew / found out

Seppero la verità troppo tardi.

They found out the truth too late.

Passato prossimo

Present Perfect

io ho saputo
I have known / I found out

Ho saputo che ti sposi, congratulazioni!

I heard you're getting married, congratulations!

tu hai saputo
you have known / you found out

Hai saputo del nuovo direttore?

Have you heard about the new director?

lui/lei ha saputo
he/she has known / found out

Ha saputo cavarsela benissimo.

He managed very well.

noi abbiamo saputo
we have known / we found out

Abbiamo saputo tutto dai giornali.

We found out everything from the newspapers.

voi avete saputo
you (pl.) have known / found out

Avete saputo mantenere la calma.

You managed to keep calm.

loro hanno saputo
they have known / found out

Hanno saputo del trasloco solo ieri.

They found out about the move only yesterday.

Trapassato prossimo

Pluperfect

io avevo saputo
I had known

L'avevo saputo troppo tardi per intervenire.

I had found out too late to intervene.

tu avevi saputo
you had known

Avevi saputo la notizia prima di tutti.

You had found out the news before everyone.

lui/lei aveva saputo
he/she had known

Aveva saputo tenere il segreto per anni.

He had managed to keep the secret for years.

noi avevamo saputo
we had known

Avevamo saputo del pericolo per tempo.

We had found out about the danger in time.

voi avevate saputo
you (pl.) had known

Avevate saputo gestire bene la situazione.

You had managed the situation well.

loro avevano saputo
they had known

Avevano saputo tutto prima di noi.

They had found out everything before us.

Futuro semplice

Future

io saprò
I will know

Domani saprò i risultati dell'esame.

Tomorrow I will know the exam results.

tu saprai
you will know

Saprai gestire tutto da solo.

You will know how to handle everything on your own.

lui/lei saprà
he/she will know

Il medico saprà dirti di più.

The doctor will be able to tell you more.

noi sapremo
we will know

Presto sapremo la data del matrimonio.

Soon we will know the wedding date.

voi saprete
you (pl.) will know

Saprete come comportarvi.

You will know how to behave.

loro sapranno
they will know

Sapranno indicarti la strada giusta.

They will be able to show you the right way.

Futuro anteriore

Future Perfect

io avrò saputo
I will have known

Quando avrò saputo tutto, ti chiamerò.

When I have found out everything, I'll call you.

tu avrai saputo
you will have known

Avrai saputo della novità, immagino.

You will have heard the news, I imagine.

lui/lei avrà saputo
he/she will have known

Avrà saputo cavarsela, come sempre.

He will have managed, as always.

noi avremo saputo
we will have known

Per allora avremo saputo la verità.

By then we will have found out the truth.

voi avrete saputo
you (pl.) will have known

Avrete saputo dell'incidente dai vicini.

You will have heard about the accident from the neighbours.

loro avranno saputo
they will have known

Avranno saputo tenere il segreto.

They will have managed to keep the secret.

Condizionale

Condizionale presente

Present Conditional

io saprei
I would know

Non saprei cosa risponderti.

I wouldn't know what to answer you.

tu sapresti
you would know

Sapresti indicarmi la strada per il centro?

Would you know how to show me the way to the centre?

lui/lei saprebbe
he/she would know

Solo lui saprebbe risolvere questo problema.

Only he would know how to solve this problem.

noi sapremmo
we would know

Non sapremmo vivere senza musica.

We wouldn't know how to live without music.

voi sapreste
you (pl.) would know

Sapreste consigliarmi un buon ristorante?

Would you be able to recommend a good restaurant?

loro saprebbero
they would know

Loro saprebbero cosa fare in questi casi.

They would know what to do in these cases.

Condizionale passato

Past Conditional

io avrei saputo
I would have known

Con più tempo avrei saputo fare di meglio.

With more time I would have known how to do better.

tu avresti saputo
you would have known

Avresti saputo gestire la crisi meglio di me.

You would have known how to handle the crisis better than me.

lui/lei avrebbe saputo
he/she would have known

Avrebbe saputo consolarla con poche parole.

He would have known how to comfort her with few words.

noi avremmo saputo
we would have known

Avremmo saputo evitare l'errore.

We would have known how to avoid the mistake.

voi avreste saputo
you (pl.) would have known

Voi avreste saputo cosa dire.

You would have known what to say.

loro avrebbero saputo
they would have known

Avrebbero saputo organizzare tutto meglio.

They would have known how to organise everything better.

Congiuntivo

Congiuntivo presente

Present Subjunctive

che io sappia
that I know

Per quanto io sappia, arriva domani.

As far as I know, he arrives tomorrow.

che tu sappia
that you know

È importante che tu sappia la verità.

It's important that you know the truth.

che lui/lei sappia
that he/she knows

Non credo che sappia guidare.

I don't think he knows how to drive.

che noi sappiamo
that we know

Vogliono che sappiamo tutte le regole.

They want us to know all the rules.

che voi sappiate
that you (pl.) know

Mi auguro che sappiate nuotare.

I hope you know how to swim.

che loro sappiano
that they know

Dubito che sappiano cosa è successo.

I doubt they know what happened.

Congiuntivo imperfetto

Imperfect Subjunctive

che io sapessi
that I knew

Vorrebbe che io sapessi tutto a memoria.

He would like me to know everything by heart.

che tu sapessi
that you knew

Se tu sapessi quanto mi manchi.

If you knew how much I miss you.

che lui/lei sapesse
that he/she knew

Pensavo che sapesse la strada.

I thought he knew the way.

che noi sapessimo
that we knew

Faceva finta che non sapessimo nulla.

He pretended we didn't know anything.

che voi sapeste
that you (pl.) knew

Sarebbe utile che sapeste il codice.

It would be useful if you knew the code.

che loro sapessero
that they knew

Non volevo che sapessero della sorpresa.

I didn't want them to know about the surprise.

Congiuntivo passato

Past Subjunctive

che io abbia saputo
that I have known

Si stupisce che io abbia saputo la verità.

He's surprised I have found out the truth.

che tu abbia saputo
that you have known

Sono contento che tu abbia saputo cavartela.

I'm glad you managed.

che lui/lei abbia saputo
that he/she has known

Pare che abbia saputo la notizia da noi.

It seems he heard the news from us.

che noi abbiamo saputo
that we have known

È strano che non abbiamo saputo nulla.

It's strange we haven't heard anything.

che voi abbiate saputo
that you (pl.) have known

Mi fa piacere che abbiate saputo apprezzarlo.

I'm pleased you knew how to appreciate it.

che loro abbiano saputo
that they have known

Dubito che abbiano saputo tenere il segreto.

I doubt they managed to keep the secret.

Congiuntivo trapassato

Pluperfect Subjunctive

che io avessi saputo
that I had known

Se avessi saputo, sarei venuto prima.

If I had known, I would have come sooner.

che tu avessi saputo
that you had known

Vorrei che tu avessi saputo la verità in tempo.

I wish you had known the truth in time.

che lui/lei avesse saputo
that he/she had known

Se avesse saputo la strada, non si sarebbe perso.

If he had known the way, he wouldn't have got lost.

che noi avessimo saputo
that we had known

Credeva che avessimo saputo tutto da tempo.

He thought we had known everything for a while.

che voi aveste saputo
that you (pl.) had known

Se aveste saputo prima, sareste intervenuti.

If you had known earlier, you would have intervened.

che loro avessero saputo
that they had known

Non pensavo che avessero saputo mentire così bene.

I didn't think they had known how to lie so well.

Imperativo

Imperativo

Imperative

tu sappi
know! (sg.)

Sappi che ti sarò sempre vicino.

Know that I will always be by your side.

lui/lei (Lei) sappia
know! (formal)

Sappia che apprezzo molto il suo aiuto.

Know that I greatly appreciate your help.

noi sappiamo
let's know

Sappiamo apprezzare le piccole cose!

Let's know how to appreciate the little things!

voi sappiate
know! (pl.)

Sappiate che siamo fieri di voi.

Know that we are proud of you.

loro sappiano
let them know

Sappiano tutti che non ci arrenderemo!

Let everyone know that we won't give up!

Infinito / Participio / Gerundio

Infinito

Infinitive

presente sapere
to know

Vorrei sapere la verità.

I would like to know the truth.

passato aver saputo
to have known

Mi dispiace di non aver saputo aiutarti.

I'm sorry I didn't know how to help you.

Participio

Participle

presente sapiente
knowing / wise

Un artigiano sapiente crea vere opere d'arte.

A skilful craftsman creates true works of art.

passato saputo
known

Il fatto, una volta saputo, cambiò tutto.

The fact, once known, changed everything.

Gerundio

Gerund

presente sapendo
knowing

Pur sapendo il rischio, decise di partire.

Even knowing the risk, he decided to leave.

passato avendo saputo
having known

Avendo saputo la verità, cambiò atteggiamento.

Having found out the truth, he changed his attitude.

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