Login
Verb Conjugations
Verb

ser

to be

'Ser' expresses permanent or inherent qualities, identity, origin, and time. It contrasts with 'estar', which expresses states, conditions, and location.

Ella es médica.

She is a doctor.

Indicativo

Presente

Present

yo soy
I am

Soy profesora de matemáticas.

I am a math teacher.

tú eres
you are

Tú eres muy amable con todos.

You are very kind to everyone.

él/ella/usted es
he/she is / you are

Este libro es muy interesante.

This book is very interesting.

nosotros somos
we are

Nosotros somos hermanos.

We are brothers.

vosotros sois
you (all) are

Vosotros sois mis mejores amigos.

You are my best friends.

ellos/ellas/ustedes son
they are / you (all) are

Ellos son de España.

They are from Spain.

Pretérito Imperfecto

Imperfect

yo era
I was / I used to be

De niño, yo era muy tímido.

As a child, I was very shy.

tú eras
you were / you used to be

Antes tú eras más alegre.

You used to be happier.

él/ella/usted era
he/she was / you were

La casa era grande y luminosa.

The house was big and bright.

nosotros éramos
we were / we used to be

En aquel entonces éramos vecinos.

Back then we were neighbors.

vosotros erais
you (all) were

Vosotros erais muy jóvenes en esa foto.

You were very young in that photo.

ellos/ellas/ustedes eran
they were / you (all) were

Sus abuelos eran agricultores.

His grandparents were farmers.

Pretérito Indefinido

Preterite

yo fui
I was

Ayer fui el primero en llegar.

Yesterday I was the first to arrive.

tú fuiste
you were

Tú fuiste muy valiente aquel día.

You were very brave that day.

él/ella/usted fue
he/she was / you were

La reunión fue un éxito.

The meeting was a success.

nosotros fuimos
we were

Fuimos campeones el año pasado.

We were champions last year.

vosotros fuisteis
you (all) were

Vosotros fuisteis los ganadores.

You were the winners.

ellos/ellas/ustedes fueron
they were / you (all) were

Aquellos años fueron difíciles.

Those years were hard.

Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto

Present Perfect

yo he sido
I have been

Siempre he sido honesto contigo.

I have always been honest with you.

tú has sido
you have been

Has sido un gran apoyo para mí.

You have been a great support to me.

él/ella/usted ha sido
he/she has been / you have been

Ha sido un día muy largo.

It has been a very long day.

nosotros hemos sido
we have been

Hemos sido amigos toda la vida.

We have been friends all our lives.

vosotros habéis sido
you (all) have been

Habéis sido muy pacientes conmigo.

You have been very patient with me.

ellos/ellas/ustedes han sido
they have been / you (all) have been

Estos meses han sido muy intensos.

These months have been very intense.

Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto

Pluperfect

yo había sido
I had been

Antes de mudarme, había sido feliz allí.

Before moving, I had been happy there.

tú habías sido
you had been

Nunca antes habías sido tan sincero.

You had never been so sincere before.

él/ella/usted había sido
he/she had been / you had been

El proyecto había sido un fracaso.

The project had been a failure.

nosotros habíamos sido
we had been

Ya habíamos sido advertidos del peligro.

We had already been warned of the danger.

vosotros habíais sido
you (all) had been

Vosotros habíais sido invitados también.

You had been invited too.

ellos/ellas/ustedes habían sido
they had been / you (all) had been

Aquellas decisiones habían sido un error.

Those decisions had been a mistake.

Futuro Simple

Future

yo seré
I will be

Algún día seré médico.

One day I will be a doctor.

tú serás
you will be

Serás una gran madre.

You will be a great mother.

él/ella/usted será
he/she will be / you will be

Mañana será un día soleado.

Tomorrow will be a sunny day.

nosotros seremos
we will be

Juntos seremos imparables.

Together we will be unstoppable.

vosotros seréis
you (all) will be

Vosotros seréis los próximos en jugar.

You will be the next to play.

ellos/ellas/ustedes serán
they will be / you (all) will be

Los resultados serán públicos mañana.

The results will be public tomorrow.

Futuro Compuesto

Future Perfect

yo habré sido
I will have been

Para junio, habré sido profesor diez años.

By June, I will have been a teacher for ten years.

tú habrás sido
you will have been

Pronto habrás sido testigo de todo.

Soon you will have been a witness to everything.

él/ella/usted habrá sido
he/she will have been / you will have been

Para entonces, todo habrá sido en vano.

By then, everything will have been in vain.

nosotros habremos sido
we will have been

Al final del curso habremos sido compañeros un año.

By the end of the course we will have been classmates for a year.

vosotros habréis sido
you (all) will have been

Para entonces ya habréis sido evaluados.

By then you will have already been evaluated.

ellos/ellas/ustedes habrán sido
they will have been / you (all) will have been

Al terminar, habrán sido muchas horas de trabajo.

When it's over, it will have been many hours of work.

Condicional

Condicional Simple

Conditional

yo sería
I would be

Yo sería feliz con muy poco.

I would be happy with very little.

tú serías
you would be

Serías un buen líder.

You would be a good leader.

él/ella/usted sería
he/she would be / you would be

Sería mejor esperar un poco.

It would be better to wait a bit.

nosotros seríamos
we would be

Sin reglas, seríamos un caos.

Without rules, we would be chaos.

vosotros seríais
you (all) would be

Vosotros seríais bienvenidos aquí.

You would be welcome here.

ellos/ellas/ustedes serían
they would be / you (all) would be

Ellas serían perfectas para el papel.

They would be perfect for the role.

Condicional Compuesto

Conditional Perfect

yo habría sido
I would have been

Con tu ayuda, habría sido más fácil.

With your help, it would have been easier.

tú habrías sido
you would have been

Habrías sido un gran actor.

You would have been a great actor.

él/ella/usted habría sido
he/she would have been / you would have been

Todo habría sido distinto sin ese error.

Everything would have been different without that mistake.

nosotros habríamos sido
we would have been

Habríamos sido los primeros en saberlo.

We would have been the first to know.

vosotros habríais sido
you (all) would have been

Vosotros habríais sido mejores anfitriones.

You would have been better hosts.

ellos/ellas/ustedes habrían sido
they would have been / you (all) would have been

Ellos habrían sido felices en el campo.

They would have been happy in the countryside.

Subjuntivo

Presente de Subjuntivo

Present Subjunctive

yo sea
(that) I be / am

Espero que yo sea útil aquí.

I hope that I am useful here.

tú seas
(that) you be / are

Quiero que seas sincero conmigo.

I want you to be honest with me.

él/ella/usted sea
(that) he/she be / is

Ojalá que todo sea perfecto.

I hope everything is perfect.

nosotros seamos
(that) we be / are

Es importante que seamos puntuales.

It's important that we be punctual.

vosotros seáis
(that) you (all) be / are

Deseo que seáis muy felices.

I wish that you be very happy.

ellos/ellas/ustedes sean
(that) they be / are

No creo que ellos sean culpables.

I don't think they are guilty.

Pretérito Imperfecto de Subjuntivo

Imperfect Subjunctive

yo fuera / fuese
(that) I were / was

Si yo fuera rico, viajaría por el mundo.

If I were rich, I would travel the world.

tú fueras / fueses
(that) you were / was

Ojalá fueras más paciente.

I wish you were more patient.

él/ella/usted fuera / fuese
(that) he/she were / was

Sería raro que él fuera el culpable.

It would be strange for him to be the culprit.

nosotros fuéramos / fuésemos
(that) we were

Nos pidieron que fuéramos discretos.

They asked us to be discreet.

vosotros fuerais / fueseis
(that) you (all) were

Esperaba que fuerais más responsables.

I expected you to be more responsible.

ellos/ellas/ustedes fueran / fuesen
(that) they were

Si las cosas fueran distintas, todo cambiaría.

If things were different, everything would change.

Pretérito Perfecto de Subjuntivo

Present Perfect Subjunctive

yo haya sido
(that) I have been

Me alegra que haya sido un buen año.

I'm glad it has been a good year.

tú hayas sido
(that) you have been

Espero que hayas sido feliz aquí.

I hope you have been happy here.

él/ella/usted haya sido
(that) he/she has been

Es posible que él haya sido el ganador.

It's possible that he has been the winner.

nosotros hayamos sido
(that) we have been

Ojalá hayamos sido de ayuda.

I hope we have been helpful.

vosotros hayáis sido
(that) you (all) have been

Me alegra que hayáis sido bien recibidos.

I'm glad you have been well received.

ellos/ellas/ustedes hayan sido
(that) they have been

Dudo que ellos hayan sido sinceros.

I doubt they have been sincere.

Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo

Pluperfect Subjunctive

yo hubiera sido / hubiese sido
(that) I had been

Si yo hubiera sido más rápido, habría ganado.

If I had been faster, I would have won.

tú hubieras sido / hubieses sido
(that) you had been

Ojalá hubieras sido más claro.

I wish you had been clearer.

él/ella/usted hubiera sido / hubiese sido
(that) he/she had been

Habría sido mejor si él hubiera sido honesto.

It would have been better if he had been honest.

nosotros hubiéramos sido / hubiésemos sido
(that) we had been

Si hubiéramos sido más cautos, no habría pasado.

If we had been more cautious, it wouldn't have happened.

vosotros hubierais sido / hubieseis sido
(that) you (all) had been

Ojalá hubierais sido testigos de aquello.

I wish you had been witnesses to that.

ellos/ellas/ustedes hubieran sido / hubiesen sido
(that) they had been

Si las pruebas hubieran sido claras, lo habrían condenado.

If the evidence had been clear, they would have convicted him.

Imperativo

Imperativo Afirmativo

Imperative

tú sé
be!

¡Sé valiente y no te rindas!

Be brave and don't give up!

él/ella/usted sea
be! (formal)

Por favor, sea puntual mañana.

Please, be on time tomorrow.

nosotros seamos
let's be!

¡Seamos honestos con nosotros mismos!

Let's be honest with ourselves!

vosotros sed
be! (plural)

¡Sed pacientes, ya casi terminamos!

Be patient, we're almost done!

ellos/ellas/ustedes sean
be! (formal plural)

Sean bienvenidos a nuestra casa.

Be welcome to our home.

Imperativo Negativo

Negative Imperative

tú no seas
don't be!

¡No seas tan duro contigo mismo!

Don't be so hard on yourself!

él/ella/usted no sea
don't be! (formal)

Por favor, no sea tan estricto.

Please, don't be so strict.

nosotros no seamos
let's not be!

No seamos ingenuos con esto.

Let's not be naive about this.

vosotros no seáis
don't be! (plural)

¡No seáis tan ruidosos!

Don't be so loud!

ellos/ellas/ustedes no sean
don't be! (formal plural)

No sean impacientes, por favor.

Don't be impatient, please.

Formas no personales

Infinitivo

Infinitive

— ser
to be

Ser feliz es una decisión diaria.

To be happy is a daily decision.

— (compuesto) haber sido
to have been

Está orgulloso de haber sido soldado.

He is proud of having been a soldier.

Gerundio

Gerund

— siendo
being

Siendo sincero, no me gustó la película.

Being honest, I didn't like the movie.

— (compuesto) habiendo sido
having been

Habiendo sido director, conocía bien la empresa.

Having been director, he knew the company well.

Participio

Participle

— sido
been

El proyecto ha sido aprobado por todos.

The project has been approved by everyone.

Carrotta tip Hi! I can help you learn — click me 👋
Carrotta
Carrotta AI
Your language assistant
Hi! 🥕 I’m Carrotta, your language-learning assistant. Ask me about a word, grammar, or let’s practise a conversation!